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Yes, a successful transplant can cure AA or MDS, because the faulty marrow is replaced, and there is no other cure. But a transplant isn't the solution for every patient because some patients can't find a donor, some go into remission with ATG for AA or other drug treatments for MDS, some patients need only occasional transfusions, and some live just fine with slightly depressed blood counts and no treatment at all. On rare occasion patients go into remission without treatment. In all of these cases, the risks of a transplant (which increase with age) can make a transplant a less good choice.
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