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chalky.1,
I know there is more information to read than you can absorb all at once, but it's important that you begin to understand the nature of this disease. Your Dad will do best if you, he, and his doctors can act as a team. The more you read and learn and the more questions you ask, the better you'll be able to do that.
There are three steps ahead. The first step is getting your Dad out of immediate danger. That's the reason for the transfusions. Presumably, all of his blood counts were assessed to see which were dangerously low. You should ask for a copy of his blood counts and any other lab reports. If there's a procedure to follow to make sure you have access to your Dad's medical information, follow that procedure to get that issued settled.
The second step is getting a full diagnosis. You said MDS was confirmed so perhaps they've completed this step. You'll want to know his MDS "subtype" and prognostic scores, as well as an English-language description of his status. Even though doctors may classify MDS into "low risk" and "high risk" categories, it's really a continuous scale from "mildly bad" to "very very bad", and no case of MDS is free from risk.
The third step is deciding on a treatment plan. You and your Dad can read about the treatment choices but your primary source of guidance will be the recommendations of his doctors. You may not have any reason to doubt their recommendations but you should still ask why that's the best choice and why not other choices. Determining the proper care for a given patient is both art and science, and this is where a doctor's experience with MDS will pay off.
Sometimes the "treatment plan" will be to wait and see what develops next, rather than to start him on medicine. Or they may mention checking for potential stem cell donors. If they don't think it's worth doing that for now, it can always be done later. If he's not a suitable candidate for a stem cell transplant, then looking for a donor is not an issue.
The treatment plan will lead to the rest of your Dad's care. If he's to take drugs you can ask questions about the treatment schedule, expected or possible side effects, what the family can do to help, his likely prognosis based on the outcomes for similar patients, any financial concerns you have, and so on.
Your Dad's age is one factor that doctors will consider. If you don't mind sharing that information with us, and telling us how his overall health has been (other than in the last month) then we'll be better able to understand your situation.
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